Immigration And The Immigration Act Of 1903 - 1918 Words

Introduction Immigration to the US has always been a complex phenomenon involving the development of different people from different nations, cultures, and has added to the United State’s rich history. Immigration has brought both benefits and consequences to the United States in forms of economic stability and opportunity, mass settlements of foreign peoples, but also culture clash all resulting in the US attempt to curb immigration with the passing of several legislations. Many attempts to curb immigration were taken by US Congress with the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, and the Immigration Act of 1903; all used to insure specific laws and boundaries set on immigrants. Heavy resentment against immigrants in the US pushed Congress for limitations that brought many tensions against races like the Irish and Chinese. To capture the true essence of immigration and its responses by the State, one must make a critical effort in analyzing the historical patterns of mi gration to the New World, including the United States. It begins with colonial America when large populations of people, mainly English, French, German, and Spanish migrated to America with a deliberate intent to exploit the people, land, and resulting in the creation of caste system of subjugation. This first set of immigrants to America would be later considered as Old Immigrants, being differentiated from New Immigrants that would later come in time. â€Å"As a result of the conquest of Mexico,Show MoreRelatedImpact Of Immigration On The United States1017 Words   |  5 Pagesreflected that of strong Nativism. Several anti-immigration groups had their fair share of influence in political affairs that had a negative affect on certain groups. This paper will outline the events that led to three pieces of legislation. This paper will also highlight the impact on immigration and how the chosen pieces of legislation contributed to future legislation (if at all). The first piece of legislation highlighted in this essay is the Geary Act of 1892. For most of the 1800s, immigrantsRead MoreImpact Of The Affordable Care Act1189 Words   |  5 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted on March 23rd, 2010, it transformed the lives of people all over the US, in states who expanded. It allowed families to qualify for government programs such as Medicaid, CHIP, and government subsidies, and for young adults to stay on their parent’s insurance until the age of 26. The ACA was a sign of relief and good news for all but two groups, lawful permanent residents and undocumented immigrants. In 2012, DACA recipients under the DREAM Act also became partRead MoreAnalysis Of The Affordable Care Act1183 Words   |  5 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted on March 23rd, 2010, it transformed the lives of people all over the US, in states who expanded. It allowed families to qualify for government programs such as Medicaid, CHIP, and government subs idies, and for young adults to stay on their parent’s insurance until the age of 26. The ACA was a sign of relief and good news for all but two groups, lawful permanent residents and undocumented immigrants. In 2012, DACA recipients under the DREAM Act also became partRead MoreImmigration Laws Essay examples1213 Words   |  5 PagesPrior to 1882, there were not any formal acts that controlled immigration. The Act of 1875 merely prohibited the importation of women for purposes of prostitution and the immigration of aliens who are undergoing conviction in their own country for felonious crimes, other than political... The Act of 1882 levied a head tax of fifty cents for every passenger not a citizen of the United States, and forbade the landing of convicts, lunatics, idiots, or of any person unable to take care of himselfRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1618 Words   |  7 PagesThrough all of the events in history that happened to the United States, the issue lurkin g around for over 250 years and counting, which began ages ago, is immigration. In the U.S daily, there are approximately 70,000 foreigners that travel here from various countries from different parts of the world. Within the 70,000 travelers, over 60,000 of them are tourists, businessmen, and students. In the United States currently, with every 2,000 legal immigrants, there are 5,000 illegal immigrants. SinceRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1619 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the history of the United States, immigration has become a part of our country’s hearts and souls, which began centuries ago. In the United States alone, there are almost 70,000 foreigners that migrate here daily. Within those 70,000 people, over 60,000 of them are businessmen, travelers and students. In the United States currently, we have about 5,000 people that are illegal immigrants; with 2,000 legal immigrants. Illegal immigrants have been to this day outnumbering the number of legalRead MoreCauses Of The Irish Famine1370 Words   |  6 Pagesand ended abruptly with the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. During the first period hopes of being to send money back to their poor families, or of returning to China after a few years with newly acquired wealth was one of the main reasons they came to the United States. America served as a symbol of something higher monetary prosperity. It represented the hope of freedom. The most important reason for Chinese immigration was economic hardship due to the growing British dominance overRead More`` Americanize Immigrants `` By Daniel E. Bender1216 Words   |  5 PagesTo establish ways to, subsequently, Americanize immigrants, according to Daniel E. Bender’s, Perils of Degeneration, Reform, the Savage Immigration, and the Survival of the Unfit, settlement houses and reform organizations demonstrated ways to Americanize new immigrants and encourage the elimination of the unfit. Established by the upper middle class, appropriately, settlement homes were placed in the immigrant neighborhoods. The environment that a person resided in determined the success or degenerationRead MoreFor the Years 1880-1925, Analyze Both the Tensions Surrounding the Issue of Immigration and the United States Governments Response to These Tensions651 Words   |  3 PagesImmigration in the United States is a complex demographic activity that has been a major contribution to population growth and cultural change throughout much of the nations history. The many aspects of immigration have controversy in economic benefits, jobs for non-immigrants, settlement patterns, crime, and even voting behavior. Congress has passed many laws that have to do with immigrants especially in the 19th century such as the Naturalization Act of 1870, and the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882Read MoreThe United States Immigration Laws953 Words   |  4 Pagesrace boundaries due to changes in US Immigration laws, changes in the US Crimin al Justice system, and the problems of the 20th century being the problem of the color line. Beginning in 1790 many changes started to occur within the US Immigration Laws. The 1790 Naturalization Act gave strong advantages to any â€Å"free white person†, as it â€Å"restricted citizenship to any free white person who had been in the US for two years†. This Act started to encourage immigration from Europe. A new system of slavery

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The Engineering Field Of Precision And Optimization

Overview and Importance Engineering is a field of precision and optimization. The basics of engineering are embedded in the fact that a successful engineer will design and manufacture products with maximum utility and lowest costs. This will maximize efficiency and result in a product that lives up to its usefulness. The engineering field has seen a lot of innovations that may not always materialize into successful products for the end user, due to the only reason that they are not cost effective and adaptable solutions. This has given rise to the fact that now engineers in the design phase carefully weigh the choices in regards to the materials they use. This ensures the fact that all the hard work, energy and resources spent in designing a product are not laid to waste as the materials required to design the product are not suitable in the sense that the product’s cost will surely outweigh the utility it provides. Along with cost effectiveness, the practicality and ease of manufacturing are basic c onsiderations for a product. A product too complex and demanding will require a longer production time, be susceptible to more errors, require more maintenance and also take longer to assemble and disassemble in case of trouble shooting for errors. This background is what actually results in the need of Design For Manufacture (DFM) and Design For Assembly (DFA). DFM provides the simplicity of manufacturing of parts that will form a product and DFA provides ease of assembly ofShow MoreRelatedPermanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current Motors2042 Words   |  9 Pagesare preferred as small horsepower control motors because their efficiency is very high, the operation is in a silent mode, has a compact form, contains high precision, low maintenance, its structure is simple, and has a large torque, etc. Hence, it is extensively used in national defense, aerospace, robotics, industrial process control, precision machine tools, automotive electronics, household appliances and office automation [1]. However, the problems are found in these motor for variable speed operationRead MoreA New Energy Efficient Drives Using Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current Motors ( Pmbldcm )2036 Words   |  9 Pagesare preferred as small horsepower control motors because their efficiency is very high, the operation is in a silent mode, has a compact form, contains high precision, low maintenance, Its structure is simple, and has a large torque, etc. Hence, it is extensively used in national defense, aerospace, robotics, industrial process control, precision machine tools, automotive electronics, household appliances and office automation [1]. However, the problems are found in these motor for variable speed operationRead MoreEssay On Engineering Service Systems1134 Words   |  5 Pageseducation sectors will use people to do what people do best (e.g. creativity, synthesis, improvisation, social skills), and machines to do what machines do best (e.g. fast processing of massive amounts of data, precision, application of force) in effortless cooperation with one another. Engineering this cooperation is not an easy task as it implies that cyber-physical systems can adapt and respond to unexpected human interaction in a seamless way. Thus, to improve operations and activities in servicesRead MoreBmw Total Quality Management1216 Words   |  5 Pagesmarket offensive was initiated in 2001, which has resulted in the BMW Group expanding its product range considerably and strengthening its worldwide market position. The company’s brand is extremely strong and is associated with high performance, engineering excellence and innovation. Indeed, the BMW brand is often cited as one of the ‘best’ in the world, and the company continues to launch a stream of innovative products as part of its battle with German peer Mercedes to be the world’s largest luxuryRead MoreThe Business Strategy Of Bmw Brand1211 Words   |  5 Pagesmarket offensive was initiated in 2001, which has resulted in the BMW Group expanding its product range considerably and strengthening its worldwide market position. The company’s brand is extremely strong and is associated with high performance, engineering excellence and innovation. Indeed, the BMW brand is often cited as one of the ‘best’ in the world, and the company continues to launch a stream of innovative products as part of its battle with German peer Mercedes to be the world’s largest luxuryRead MoreLight Detection And Ranging ( Lidar )1754 Words   |  8 Pagesconservation efforts in the past. However, one of the promising applications of LiDAR is planning and designing of engineering projects of varying magnitudes and complexities. Some of the outstanding drawbacks of using traditional data acquisition methods include the amount of time spent collecting the data and the reduction of the data during processing. Such issues are significant in engineering projects due to the corresponding cost and safety implications. Using LiDAR from aerial platforms allows engineersRead MoreComparative Analysis Of User Locat ion Based Anonymization Of Mobile Computing Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesComparative analysis of user location based anonymization of mobile computing M.K.Patil1 ,M.N.Sonawane2 and R.A.Mandlik3 1,2,3 Department of computer engineering, 1,2,3 Loknete Gopinathji Munde Institude of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik Abstract:-In this paper we have discussed numerous of papers which are based on mobile computing we also have done comparative analysis of those paper with different parameter which include domain, application ,issue within them. Futher we alsoRead MoreStatistical Quality Control2335 Words   |  10 Pagesmonitoring or controlling processes and do not involve complicated statistical theory. In many places, SQC has become associated with all of the statistics and optimization methods that professionals use in quality improvement projects and in their other job functions. This includes methods for design of experiments (DOE) and optimization. [ii] Statistica1 quality control (SQC) is the term used to describe the set of statistical tools used by quality professionals. Statistical quality controlRead MoreProgram Execution Efficiency. He Was Assigned To Oversee1178 Words   |  5 Pagescombustion system optimization and is one to assign difficult problems. His meticulous approach to ensuring his data is showing valid results is always evident, and it builds a level of trust in the information he provides. Justin has made significant contributions to the SMC program and Justin’s customer base has been complimentary about his results and the level of precision he pursues. Customer feedback is that Justin is a joy to work with in that he has a strong core knowledge in his field, coupledRead MoreConversion Of 2d Image Into 3d Image Using Segmentation2096 Words   |  9 Pagesinformation details. Particle Swarm Optimization and K-means algorithms are used for image segmentation. Our main objective is to implement stereo m atching algorithms on the segmented images, compare the results of K-means and PSO on the basis of objective parameters such as PSNR, execution time, density of disparity map and compression ratio and perform subjective analysis of reconstructed 3-D images. The compared results show that the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm gives better 3-D reconstructed

Sample Romanticism Essay Example For Students

Sample Romanticism Essay Romanticism began in the early 19th century and radically changed the way people perceived themselves and the state of nature around them. Unlike Classicism, which stood for order and established the foundation for architecture, literature, painting and music, Romanticism allowed people to get away from the constricted, rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. This not only influenced political doctrines and ideology, but was also a sharp contrast from ideas and harmony featured during the Enlightenment. The Romantic era grew alongside the Enlightenment, but concentrated on human diversity and looking at life in a new way. It was the combination of modern Science and Classicism that gave birth to Romanticism and introduced a new outlook on life that embraced emotion before rationality. Romanticism was a reactionary period of history when its seeds became planted in poetry, artwork and literature. The Romantics turned to the poet before the scientist to harbor their convictions (they found that the orderly, mechanistic universe that the Science thrived under was too narrow-minded, systematic and downright heartless in terms of feeling or emotional thought) and it was men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Germany who wrote The Sorrows of Young Werther which epitomized what Romanticism stood for. His character expressed feelings from the heart and gave way to a new trend ofexpressing emotions through individuality as opposed to collectivism. In England, there was a resurgence into Shakespearean drama since many Romantics believed that Shakespeare had not been fully appreciated during the 18th century. His style of drama and expression had been downplayed and ignored by the Enlightenments narrow classical view of drama. Friedrich von Schlegel and Samuel Taylorlerid ge (from Germany and England respectively) were two critics of literature who believed that because of the Enlightenments suppression of individual emotion as being free and imaginative, Shakespeare who have never written his material in the 19th century as opposed to the 18th century. The perception that the Enlightenment was destroying the natural human soul and substituting it with the mechanical, artificial heart was The Lyrical Ballads, published in 1798, was a series of poems that examined the beauty of nature and explored the actions of people in natural settings. Written by William Woodsworth, this form of poetry was free, expressive and without constraint as evident by this If this belief from heaven be sent, If such be Natures holy plan,Have I not reason to lament, What man has made of man?Such passages from his work indicates that poetry and literature was also used as a form of rebellion or distaste for political institutions or social conditions during the 19th century. However, since most poets thrived on the emotional and irrational abstract that they were writing about, there was no specific category that this mode of thinking could fall into. This was a strength since the freedom to explore nature was infinite and without any restriction based on rules, law or doctrine. This invariably led to a re-introduction into religion and mysticism; people wanted to explore the unknown. The Genius of Christianity, written by Rene de Chateaubriand, offered a contrast to Science. He found Christianity to be the most poetic,most human, the most conducive to freedom, to arts and literature of all the religions and deduced that Science was lacking this element The middle ages were regarded as a creative period when humans lived close to the soil and were unblemished with the effects of industrialization or urbanization. Romanticism began to show the people that the Enlightenment had overstayed its welcome by leading the people to a future that offered a visio n of mankind as being part of a group rather than an individual. G. W. F. Hegel, a German philosopher, rejected the rational philosophy of the 18th century because he believed in Idealism. This involved looking at life in terms of the importance of ideas, not thought the narrow tunnel of materialism and wealth. By advocating Idealism, Hegel concluded that mankind could be led by his spirit, his soul, rather than the establishment or the status quo. Although Romanticism was perhaps conservative in nature, every participant of this swift and silent movement could relish in his own free and glorious vision of nature. .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 , .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 .postImageUrl , .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 , .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82:hover , .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82:visited , .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82:active { border:0!important; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82:active , .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82 .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2651afc804ae1f3c3b2fc631f87a2d82:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Paul Klee EssayRomanticism was not a political movement or a reformist package offered by a group of dissidents; Romanticism was a time when mankind could restructure his outlook on life so that he was able to reach new heights of intellectual and political awareness. In the process of doing so, he found answers to practical problems by simply using his Bibliography:

Arson Cards Case free essay sample

Its plant in Medallion produce greeting cards and invitations, resplendence products, gift paper, calendars and a small amount of product for parties Arson sales have seen an increase in the export index of 157, 89 100 100 and 75. 49, respectively The plant employs 1,000 people and is the only production office of the company in the country. Most of the workers are union members. Management of Arson was uneasy because costs are increasing for the work may outweigh the savings by switching to the packager. Two measures aimed at reducing costs in filling Packers authorized.One was based on a simplified manual operation, in which each RL working on a separate all the material provided by the manipulators table; The method specifies the working places first Packers sufficient and equal number of packages in a pile on the right of the Packers, takes a handful of cards, batteries account 12 and placed to the right of the envelopes, to Packers fill, and so on. We will write a custom essay sample on Arson Cards Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second method is to use a mechanical aid that cost the company $ 5 million. Arson has three (3) major national competitors: Gibson, Karma and Foot-Mobile. Arson consumes raw material of national origin and production of renewable annually.It has facilities for obtaining affordable cost of equipment. Arson workforce is achieved without great difficulty and for which there is a training school funded by all companies in the country and supported by the Ministry of Labor is employed. Absorb 145 people annually. Modern technology is not employed by the company, but the machinery in use is newly purchased. There is obvious errors provision. It works with 30 100 of idle capacity. In January, Arson executives, including the president, decided to introduce Packers in their line of seasonal cards.Photo Mobile had employed Packers Christmas with their line managers and Arson interpreted reactions traders as favorable and needed ahead of the competition. 2. Determination of the main subject, or executive who has to solve the problem or problems Arson Cards 3. Determination of the main problems identified in the case Lack of new primary resources or ways of provisioning. Missing strong human capital that can be encouraged to take new decisions. Developing or acquisition of technology that can be implemented. Investment projects in the future to replace standardized processes. 4.Hierarchy of identified problems 5. Presentation of alternative solutions Developing new ways of flow of communication through the company. Better acquisition of innovative resources maintaining low costs and processes. Give scholarships for local institution to acquire strong human capital. 6. Selection of alternative solution Part of the strategy in the main used can be considered as the implementation of a new administration with a more modern approach. His three competitors can be highlighted by extensive knowledge of the acquisition of new raw materials and investment projects in the future.

Free Essays on Steinbeck

â€Å"John Steinbeck was one of the greatest American authors of his time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Spiller, ), and will, contrary to many skeptics beliefs, be known for his use of sentimentalism, realism, and â€Å"†¦his ability to envelop the feelings of Americans.† (Wooley, Newsbank) He did this through diligent research in discovering the true America in its rawest form. The product of this research was some of the most popular and widely criticized books in all of Americas literary history. One of the most prominent aspects of his greater works were the setting. Steinbeck drew on the personal experience of being born and raised in the California agricultural area of Salinas Valley to compose many of his most famous books. Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas California. â€Å"The two important facts about the first phase of his life are that he was a Californian and the he wanted to be a serious writer.† (French, 19) California was a great place for a young and aspiring writer to grow up. It had so many tumultuous periods in it’s history; the Spanish settlers, the Gold Rush, the building of the transcontinental railroad, and the hardships of migrant workers. These epic events made California almost a legend in itself. His family came to Salinas as conquerors of the frontier. His grandfather migrated to California straight from Ireland, and his father moved there from Florida at the time of the Civil War. Steinbeck’s father, John Ernst, Sr., was the treasurer of Monterey County for many years and was also a miller. His mother, Olive Hamilton, taught at many schools in the Salinas area. He also had three sisters. Steinbeck had ample access to the three things Emerson said went into the making of a scholar; nature, books, action. Steinbeck was a small town boy, but he lived close to the country and spent much time around the farms just outside of Salinas. He also had access to a large number of books by many authors. T... Free Essays on Steinbeck Free Essays on Steinbeck â€Å"John Steinbeck was one of the greatest American authors of his time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Spiller, ), and will, contrary to many skeptics beliefs, be known for his use of sentimentalism, realism, and â€Å"†¦his ability to envelop the feelings of Americans.† (Wooley, Newsbank) He did this through diligent research in discovering the true America in its rawest form. The product of this research was some of the most popular and widely criticized books in all of Americas literary history. One of the most prominent aspects of his greater works were the setting. Steinbeck drew on the personal experience of being born and raised in the California agricultural area of Salinas Valley to compose many of his most famous books. Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas California. â€Å"The two important facts about the first phase of his life are that he was a Californian and the he wanted to be a serious writer.† (French, 19) California was a great place for a young and aspiring writer to grow up. It had so many tumultuous periods in it’s history; the Spanish settlers, the Gold Rush, the building of the transcontinental railroad, and the hardships of migrant workers. These epic events made California almost a legend in itself. His family came to Salinas as conquerors of the frontier. His grandfather migrated to California straight from Ireland, and his father moved there from Florida at the time of the Civil War. Steinbeck’s father, John Ernst, Sr., was the treasurer of Monterey County for many years and was also a miller. His mother, Olive Hamilton, taught at many schools in the Salinas area. He also had three sisters. Steinbeck had ample access to the three things Emerson said went into the making of a scholar; nature, books, action. Steinbeck was a small town boy, but he lived close to the country and spent much time around the farms just outside of Salinas. He also had access to a large number of books by many authors. T...

History and Political Science; A Response to Historical Cases Essay

History and Political Science; A Response to Historical Cases - Essay Example Of particular interest is to understand the implications of the Pericles’ oration (Thucydides 34) with respect to what is known of Athens. In evaluating Pericles’ speech, it is imperative to decipher the underpinning points in the speech, as depicted by Thucydides (pp 34-46). First, Pericles begins by acknowledging the need to hold ceremonies for those who dead for the country. He proceeds to assert that all that had happened was necessary. He was in line with the law, as well as the democracy requirements. In elucidating his point, he pays tribute to the ancestors, acknowledging them for creating a worth-celebrating history for the Athenians. He cites how the empire and its possession would have been without the sacrifice of the ancestors and that it was only justified for him to uphold the legacy. Pericles presents Athens as exceptional, in terms of its laws, justice, social equality, mobility and inclusivity of migrants, and that everyone had an equal opportunity to serve the nation. The aspect of Athens to offer social refreshment, such as games is not also overlooked. He affirms Athenian determination to shun all the challenges, as well as respecting the neighbors. He eventually justifies the point that the fallen men should not be the cause of any consolation. Instead, such a point brings comfort to the Athenian community. The crucial question is whether Pericles’ insight holds any validity. In particular, does Athens fit into the doctrine of exceptionalism, as presented? Moreover, is Pericles’ point about the fallen justified? In my view, whereas there are certain aspects of exceptionalism that could be justified about the historical Athenian society, others cannot. For instance, it is agreeable that the ancestors had a crucial role in creating history for posterity, considering that imperialism was the order of the time. The affirmation of respect of law and democracy also reflect the historical nature of Athens. This is beca use Athens historical government is widely cited as the mother or even the correlate of the sophisticated and desired contemporary democracy. Indeed, one avenue of viewing at Pericles’ forefather reference could act as a base the role which Athens played in Greek history. Perhaps he was referring to the growth of the government of Athens as well as the role which the forefathers played. Pericles next statement is that the city of Athens was great and served as a symbol of inspiration as the pioneer of true democracy (Halsall 39). Thucydides uses parallelism whereby Pericles talks of Athenian s’ reputation compared to other armed forces, as well as the Athenian self belief. However, the theme of imperialism cannot be left out of his speech. One questions whether this could also be an aspect of exceptionalism. Doesn’t it contravene the affirmation to respect the autonomy of the neighbors? I infer that whereas Pericles stand reflect the interest of the Athenians, i t is advanced on the basis of nationalism, which can be dismissed as a thesis of societal selfishness. Response to part two: Robert, the Monk's account of Pope Urban II's call to crusade During the 11th century, when states like France and Britain had not emerged, Christianity united the states of Europe. All European states took part in religious wars against Muslims in what was known as the Crusades. Both Christians and Muslims committed atrocities against human beings although each side claimed to be fighting for a just course. At the